Burnout and Wellbeing during the Second Covid-19 Wave: Are There Differences between Medical Specialties?

Introduction: Burnout is common amongst clinical staff. Critical Care is widely accepted to have amongst the highest rates, with an incidence of >38%.1 The Covid-19 pandemic placed unprecedented pressures on staff, making them vulnerable to burnout.2 Although stressors were similar across medical teams, we suspected there were differences in burnout between medical specialties. Objective(s): This study aimed to examine burnout amongst the hospital MDT, focussing on three higher care clinical areas: Coronary Care (CCU), Respiratory (RSU) and Critical Care (ICU) and identify recurring positive and negative experiences. Method(s): Between March and April 2021 staff were invited to complete a two-part survey. Part one investigated demographic data and free text answers on feelings towards Covid-19. Part two questioned recipients on the 22 questions of the MBI -HSS (Maslach Burnout Index- Human Services Survey).3 This survey assesses burn-out in three domains: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalisation (DP), and lack of Personal Accomplishment (PA). MBI-HSS results were analysed and a previously used 'high-risk' cut-off was used to calculate percentages per domain and overall. Free text analysis was conducted by two researchers to identify common themes, protective factors and negative factors which may increase burnout. Result(s): 148 staff members responded to the survey: 53% of respondents met the criteria for burnout in at least one domain. 58% of ICU staff, 42% of RSU staff and 44% of CCU staff were burnt out in one domain or more. ICU had the highest percentage of staff at high risk of EE and lack of PA. RSU had the highest percentage of staff scoring highly for DP. Free text analysis demonstrated some positive experiences from the Covid-19 pandemic: teamwork, communication, resilience, and opportunities to learn new skills were highlighted by staff across all areas. All areas found staffing and workload a negative factor. In ICU, workspace organisation and long shifts in PPE were key stressors which made communication and taking breaks safely difficult. Managing stress and uncertainty were highlighted by the ICU teams. In RSU, a significant proportion of staff found the lack of established treatments and poor outcomes difficult to manage, potentially highlighting the differences in Covid-19 management compared with ICU. As nursing staff work with higher ratios in RSU, some found managing patients' needs difficult: "Not having enough time to care for patients' basic needs . . . patients in side-rooms were left feeling isolated and scared". In CCU, there was a shift towards fear of catching the virus, PPE provision and poor infection control guidance, possibly arising from lower exposure to Covid-19: "It felt like the trust didn't give a s**t about their staff with regard to PPE and vaccinations." Conclusion(s): All clinical areas highlighted increased teamwork as a positive outcome of the Covid-19 pandemic, and good relationships have been built, a known protective factor against burnout. Many negative factors have impacted the rate of burnout, including high workload, staffing issues, redeployment and managing death and uncertainty. We hope to resurvey the same areas to assess wellbeing one year on, and address key factors to improve wellbeing.

Engkaulah Adiwiraku as a COVID-19 Information Channel Based on Berlo?s Model of SCMR

Written work plays an important role in being an informative channel to deliver messages and human values to society. This paper discusses the role played by the story Engkaulah Adiwiraku (2020) in being a communication medium to deliver COVID-19 information to the community. COVID-19 is a new type of coronavirus that has never been identified before and spreading to other individuals through respiratory droplets and contact. This virus has hit the world since December 2019. To curb the coronavirus epidemic from continuing to spread, all individuals play an important role. The process of channelling information is done through various communication mediums, either verbally or non-verbally to give awareness to the community. Literary works also play a role in conveying information about COVID-19 to the community. The objective of this study is to analyze the information contained in Engkaulah Adiwiraku (2020) to see its role as a communication medium in delivering information to the audience. This study is in the form of qualitative research using bibliographic methods and text analysis. Text analysis was done by applying Berlo's SMCR Communication Model (1960). Research finding proves that Engkaulah Adiwiraku (2020) is loaded with important information about COVID-19 and the role of each individual in fighting the spread of the virus. The findings also show that simple and easy language that matches the level of children's language skills is an important element in conveying information to children. In conclusion, Engkaulah Adiwiraku (2020) acts as an effective communication medium to convey information about COVID-19 to the community thus showing the importance of literary works in channelling information to the audience.

Adoption of Human Resource Information Systems by Faculty Members: Qualitative Evidence from Universities in Pakistan

In the digital age of today, a large number of higher education institutions have adopted Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) to improve the overall efficiency of operations. With the exponential growth in education sector of Pakistan and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of HRIS has considerably expanded for all stakeholders, particularly faculty members of universities. This study aims to explore the factors that motivate universities to implement HRIS, the role of HRIS in enhancing the productivity of faculty members, and the constraints associated with the use of HRIS. This qualitative study follows the descriptive phenomenology approach to explore the significance of HRIS for faculty members. Non-probability purposeful sampling was used to select 14 faculty members who were interviewed at seven Pakistani universities. The study establishes that HRIS is considered a valuable technology for streamlining HR functions of universities in general and faculty members in particular.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Covid-19 in Different Universities across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

There have been 6,566,610 fatalities and 626,337,158 reported cases of COVID-19 worldwide. Pakistan presently has over 1,573,922 confirmed cases and 30,625 deaths. A survey-based study was performed from January to September 2022 among different university communities to find out their KAP level. Data was collected in Google Forms through a questionnaire. The Independent t-test, Multinomial regressions, and Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to assess the level of significance (p-value ≤0.05). 317 out of 605 participants were male (52.5 %), the majority of participants were 15-29 years old (72.7 %), unmarried/divorced (71.6 %), have no children (82.1 %), residing in the urban area (54.9 %) and possess a college/university degree (59.5 %). The majority of participants correctly answered five out of six knowledge questions (M = 4.96, SD = 1.03) and correctly identified the primary symptoms of COVID-19 (94.4 %) along with the proper identification of mode of transmission (95.2 %) while 1.8% wrongly replied and 2.1 % did not reply. A knowledge test revealed the significant frequency of misconception, with nearly half of the respondents (46.3 %) assuming that illness might be contracted by eating or coming into touch with wild animals. Wearing a facial mask is highly practiced (M = 3.59, SD = 0.91), followed by avoiding crowded places (M = 3.44, SD = 0.95) and practicing hand hygiene (M = 3.36, SD = 1.04). Females, the elderly, and the less educated, on the other hand, have less understanding of COVID-19, making them especially susceptible to the pandemic. It is proposed that further awareness might contribute to a favorable attitude and practice. © Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

Mental health at the workplace, person-organization-fit and labor productivity growth: evidence from the Egyptian soap and detergents industry during COVID-19

Purpose: This study seeks to examine the mediating role of mental health issues in the workplace (MHIW) in explaining the complex relationship between person-organization-fit (P.O-fit) dimensions and workers' productivity (WP) variance during COVID-19 in the Egyptian soap and detergents industry. Design/methodology/approach: Using a cross-sectional survey, the authors collected data from 373 frontline workers and supervisors working at ARMA soap and detergents (ASD) factories. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 production-lines and quality-control supervisors. The hypothesized model was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique. Findings: The authors found a significant, high P.O-fit level among ASD workers. The need-supplies-fit and supplementary-fit controlled MHIW. The need-supplies-fit and supplementary-fit alongside MHIW explained the growth in WP during COVID-19. The MHIW mediated the relationship between P.O-fit dimensions and WP during the pandemic. Research limitations/implications: Limited attention was paid to investigating how the P.O-fit dimensions enable frontline workers to remain productive despite the MHIW associated with COVID-19. This study bridges the aforementioned research gap by elucidating how the supplementary-fit, demand-abilities-fit and need-supplies-fit manipulate MHIW and maintain WP growth during the pandemic. Practical implications: The findings provide clear guidelines for the first-line supervisors to foster the P.O-fit dimensions, control MHIW and sustain WP growth during COVID-19. Originality/value: This study is among the first to add significant information on how MHIW (as mediator) explains the relationship between P.O-fit and WP growth during the pandemic. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

A Novel-based Swin Transfer Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 Patients

The numbers of cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 virus have increased daily all around the world. Chest X-ray is considered very useful and less time-consuming for monitoring COVID disease. No doubt, X-ray is considered as a quick screening method, but due to variations in features of images which are of X-rays category with Corona confirmed cases, the domain expert is needed. To address this issue, we proposed to utilize deep learning approaches. In this study, the dataset of COVID-19, lung opacity, viral pneumonia, and lastly healthy patients' images of category X-rays are utilized to evaluate the performance of the Swin transformer for predicting the COVID-19 patients efficiently. The performance of the Swin transformer is compared with the other seven deep learning models, including ResNet50, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, Efficient-NetB2, VGG19, ViT, CaIT, Swim transformer provides 98% recall and 96% accuracy on corona affected images of the X-ray category. The proposed approach is also compared with state-of-the-art techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis, and proposed technique is found better in terms of accuracy. Our system could support clin-icians in screening patients for COVID-19, thus facilitating instantaneous treatment for better effects on the health of COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper can contri-bute to saving humanity from the adverse effects of trials that the Corona virus might bring by performing an accurate diagnosis over Corona-affected patients. © 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

Telemedicine Framework in COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with the growth and ripeness of several digital methods, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) (including Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)), internet of things (IoT), big-data analytics, Software Defined Network (SDN), robotic technology, and blockchain, etc. resulting in an experience chance for telemedicine advancement. In several nations, a telemedicine platform based on digital technology has been built and integrated into the clinical workflow in a variety of modes, including many-To-one, one-To-many, consultation mode, and practical-operation modes. These platforms are practical, efficient, and successful for exchanging epidemiological data, facilitating face-To-face interactions between patients or healthcare professionals over long distances, lowering the risk of disease transmission, and enhancing patient outcomes. This article provides a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to call attention to the most recent advancements in evaluating COVID-19 data utilizing various methodologies such as ML, DL, SDN, and IoT. The number of studies on ML and DL provided and reviewed in this article has proven a considerable effect on the prediction and spreading of COVID-19. The main goal of this study is to show how ML, DL, IoT, and SDN may be used by researchers to provide significant solutions for authorities and healthcare statements to lessen the influence of pestilence. This report also includes many novel strategies for raising the prevalent telemedicine use. © 2022 IEEE.

Towards assisting visually impaired individuals: A review on current status and future prospects

Visually impaired people require support with regular tasks including navigating, detecting obstacles, and maintaining safety, especially in both indoor and outdoor environments. As a result of the advancement of assistive technology, their lives have become substantially more convenient. Here, cutting-edge assistive devices and technologies for the visually impaired are reviewed, along with a chronology of their evolution. These methodologies are classified according to their intended applications. The taxonomy is combined with a description of the tests and experiments that can be used to examine the characteristics and assessments of assistive technology. In addition, the algorithms used in assistive devices are examined. This paper looks at solar industry innovations and promotes using renewable energy sources to create assistive devices, as well as, addresses the sudden advent of COVID-19 and the shift in the development of assistive devices. This review can serve as a stepping stone for further research on the topic. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)

Private Backend Server Software-Based Telehealthcare Tracking and Monitoring System

In these recent years, the world has witnessed a kind of social exclusion and the inability to communicate directly due to the Corona Virus Covid 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the consequent difficulty of communicating with patients with hospitals led to the need to use modern technology to solve and facilitate the problem of people communicating with each other. healthcare has made many remarkable developments through the Internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing to monitor real-time patients' data, which has enabled many patients' lives to be saved. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Private Backend Server Software based on an IoT health monitoring system concerned with emergency medical services utilizing biosensors to detect multi-vital signs of an individual with an ESP32 microcontroller board and IoT cloud. The device displays the vital data, which is then uploaded to a cloud server for storage and analysis over an IoT network. Vital data is received from the cloud server and shown on the IoT medical client dashboard for remote monitoring. The proposed system allows users to ameliorate healthcare jeopardy and minify its costs by re-cording, gathering, sharing, and analyzing vast biodata streams such as Intensive Care Units (ICU) (i.e., temperature, heartbeat rate (HR), Oxygen level (SPO2), etc.), efficiently in real-time. In this proposal, the data is sent from sensors fixed in the patient body to the Web and Mobile App continually in real time for collection and analysis. The system showed impressive performance with an average disparity of less than 1%. body temperature, SPO2, and HR readings were remarkably accurate compared to the CE approval patient monitoring system. In Addition, The system was highly dependable with a success rate for IoT data broadcasts. © 2023,International journal of online and biomedical engineering. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment of anxiety level among undergraduate students regarding examinations in Babylon University, Iraq

Objective: To assess anxiety levels regarding examinations among undergraduate students at college of nursing, Babylon University. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted from 1st December 2021 to 31th January 2022. The study included undergraduate nursing students of Babylon University, Hilla City, Iraq. The study, used a structured self-administered questionnaire with 100 nursing students. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographical data and Sarson's examination anxiety scale which consisted of 38 items to measure exam anxiety levels. The validity was determined through 10 experts related to the field of study. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the questionnaire was sent to the respondents via emails or by the social media (Messengers, viber, and what's up). Result(s): Mean age of participants was 24.50+/-5.61 years. The level of undergraduates' anxiety towards examinations was clear. A total of 69 students out of 100 were suffering moderate anxiety on Sarson's examination anxiety scale. Conclusion(s): There was a moderate level of anxiety among most nursing students of Babylon University who participated in current study regarding to examinations based on Sarson exam anxiety Scale. Copyright © 2022, Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients With AKI

Background: COVID-19 has been identified as a disease causing respiratory failure but is now known to affect the kidneys among other organs. Several studies among COVID-19 patients have shown a significant association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality. There is limited data examining if the effect of AKI on mortality is different across variants. The main objective of this study is to examine the association between AKI and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 pneumonia (PNA) patients during the original strain and the delta variant. Method(s): Data was obtained from a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 PNA from March 2020 until March 2021. The database had two cohorts: the original strain and the delta variant. The presence of AKI was confirmed by an examination of medical records for 612 patients using the AKIN criteria (creatinine >=0.3 mg/dL above baseline). Chronic kidney disease was defined by estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) calculated using the CKD-EPI 2021 equation. Logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) for mortality using factors in Table 1. Result(s): AKI was present in 414 patients (67.6%). Of the 612 patients reviewed, there were 443 survivors and 169 non-survivors at discharge. Among the non-survivors, there were a higher proportion of AKI (84%) and males (64%) and a lower proportion of African Americans (30%). The non-survivors were younger (67 years) and had a lower eGFR (37 mL/min). Logistic regression results are shown in Table 1. Conclusion(s): Analyses showed that among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 PNA, the RR of in-hospital mortality was 3.28 times higher for those with AKI compared to those without AKI. We found no significant difference for in-hospital mortality between the two cohorts when adjusted for presence of AKI. Other findings showed that males may have a greater risk of mortality as compared to females and those of African American race may have a potential survival advantage. (Table Presented).

COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies persist rate after vaccination in correlation with vaccine type in some Nasiriyah vaccinated citizen

Aim: The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is an indicator of protective immunity for most viral infections. This study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies NAbs (IgM & IgG) following vaccination with three common potential vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sino pharm), in Nasiriya city /south of Iraq. Methods. From September 2021 to April 2022.158 participants who had completed COVID-19 vaccination (50 persons for each) were recruited and tested using Covid-19 neutralizing antibody kits, for NAbs evaluation. Results. Majority of the participants were 21-40 years old of age. NAbs were observed in 100% of enrolled individuals (vaccinated or not) but with significant difference in the IgM and IgG titers in correlate to the vaccine type, but there weren't with other demographic factors effect. Nine days after second vaccine dose, spike protein neutralizing antibody levels were two-fold higher of IgM and 5-fold higher of IgG, exceeding titers of non-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive control. Pfizer vaccine type against COVID-19 gave the highest IgM and IgG titers during the 6 months' trial, with the lowest declining rate. AstraZeneca vaccine type provided an intermediate IgM and IgG titer with a rapid declining rate, while Sino pharm vaccine offered a low IgM and IgG titers with slowly decreasing rate with time.

Serological Study on Covid-19 Patients with a Focus on Cardiovascular Disease Marker

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which causes life-threatening illness and mortality. One of the most critical risk factors for severe COVID-19 and COVID-19 mortality is cardiovascular disease (CVD) that develops during infection. Objective: To determine the most common CVD that occurred during infection with COVID-19 patients and the link between CVD and Fate. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between July 22 and April 10 2022 to describe the frequency of CVD among 100 COVID-19 patients, as well as to detect the serological cardiovascular markers with mortality rates of those patients who attended Al-Karama Teaching Hospital in Baghdad governorate, Al-Shafaa Hospital, and Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Al-Anbar governorate. Blood samples from all of the patients were taken for cardiovascular serological markers, as per the manufacturer's instructions. Results: The mean age of the COVID-19 patients with CVD was 65 23.83.83 (83.0%). Thrombosis, heart failure, myocarditis, myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome, hypertension, myocardial injury, angina, and pulmonary embolism were found in 83 (83.0%) of the 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases using IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by ELIZA in the following frequencies: 21, 9, 9, 7, 10, 11, 8, 5, and 3 respectively. ELIZA discovered COVID-19 patients with CVD utilizing IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the remaining 17 cases (17.0%). Troponin-T, Ferritin, D-dimer, Leukocyte, B Urea, CRP LDH were 58.60 ±40.70, 368.36±265.75, 2523.05±1727.60, 15.00±7.67, 103.49±60.74, 33.13±35.74, 525.40±459.86, 4.11±2.13, respectively, among COVID-19 heart failure patients. Troponin-T, Ferritin, D-dimer, Leukocyte, B Urea, CRP LDH were 33.61±34.70, 481.20±181.89, 3361.15±14.26, 20.08±10.54, 76.71±28.02, 22.76±19.73, 536.35±798.14, 3.61±2.11, respectively among COVID-19 Myocarditis patients. Conclusion: There was no significant variation in mortality across the various CVD of COVID-19 cases, There were no significant differences in cardiovascular serological markers in different age groups of among CVD of COVID-19 cases. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.

Level of Trust in Health Care Systems During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers of Pakistan.

This survey aimed to evaluate the levels of trust and satisfaction among healthcare workers towards the national healthcare delivery system and whether it has been affected by the global disruption created by COVID-19. This was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place from January to October 2021 at a tertiary level health care facility in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using an online data collection tool. Our sample included 10, 133 healthcare workers of all cadres. Our study found a significant level of distrust of healthcare workers towards multiple aspects of the healthcare delivery system, particularly towards government agencies and other members of healthcare delivery. We noted a significant gender disparity between male and female respondents with males showing more trust than female healthcare workers. We conclude that significant efforts need to be made by policymakers in the government to alleviate this trust deficit before it worsens.

Safety and Immunogenicity of BNT-162b2 versus Chadox1 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Prospective Study

Purpose: Data showed seroconversion after different SARS-CoV-2 vaccination platforms might yield diminished response in transplant recipients. However, it is unknown whether different vaccination platforms could offer a specific grade of protection against SARS-CoV-2. Method(s): we prospectively studied adult kidney & liver recipients who received who had no previous COVID-19 infection, and received either ChAdOx1 or BNT- 162b2 vaccines between January 2021 to September 2021, with an assessment of IgM/IgG spike (S) antibodies. Result(s): Our cohort is composed of kidney (n=235) or liver (n=217) patients, who have received either ChAdOx1 (N=157) or BNT-162b2 (n=295). The response was higher with mRNA vaccine. Unresponsiveness is found to be mainly linked to diabetes and older age. Side effects were similar to those reported in clinical trials. Conclusion(s): mRNA vaccines might elicit a higher humoral immunity response as compared with ChAdOx1 in immunosuppressed transplant patients.

COVID-19-Associated mucormycosis: Case series from a tertiary care hospital in South India

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a global health problem. COVID-19 has given rise to a number of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. During the second wave of COVID-19, India experienced an epidemic of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we discuss the clinical features, investigations and management of four patients having COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), especially rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM) caused by Rhizopus arrhizus and Mucor species. We also compare the cases and their risk factors with previously reported CAM cases in India. Three patients had mucormycosis after recovering from COVID-19. They were successfully treated with surgical debridement and early initiation of anti-fungal therapy with systemic amphotericin B and other supportive measures such as broad-spectrum antibiotics, insulin infusion, antihypertensives and analgesics. The remaining patient had mucormycosis during COVID-19. He was admitted in the intensive care unit due to COVID-pneumonia and was on mechanical ventilation. In spite of all supportive measures, the patient succumbed to death due to cardiogenic shock. Three out of our four patients had diabetes mellitus. All patients were treated with systemic steroid during COVID-19 treatment. Diabetes mellitus and steroid treatment are the major risk factors for CAM. Early diagnosis of this life-threatening infection along with strict control of hyperglycemia is necessary for optimal treatment and better outcomes.

A Novel-based Swin Transfer Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 Patients

The numbers of cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 virus have increased daily all around the world. Chest X-ray is considered very useful and less time-consuming for monitoring COVID disease. No doubt, X-ray is considered as a quick screening method, but due to variations in features of images which are of X-rays category with Corona confirmed cases, the domain expert is needed. To address this issue, we proposed to utilize deep learning approaches. In this study, the dataset of COVID-19, lung opacity, viral pneumonia, and lastly healthy patients' images of category X-rays are utilized to evaluate the performance of the Swin transformer for predicting the COVID-19 patients efficiently. The performance of the Swin transformer is compared with the other seven deep learning models, including ResNet50, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB2, VGG19, ViT, CaIT, Swim transformer provides 98% recall and 96% accuracy on corona affected images of the X-ray category. The proposed approach is also compared with state-of-the-art techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis, and proposed technique is found better in terms of accuracy. Our system could support clinicians in screening patients for COVID-19, thus facilitating instantaneous treatment for better effects on the health of COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper can contribute to saving humanity from the adverse effects of trials that the Corona virus might bring by performing an accurate diagnosis over Corona-affected patients.

Impact of Hyperglycemia on Cardiovascular Events and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To study cardiovascular events and clinical outcomes in patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and those with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study of 1645 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia required a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction result for SARS-CoV-2, presence of new or worsening pulmonary infiltrates on computed tomography scan or chest x-ray, and at least one of following: (1) new or increased cough, (2) temperature of >37.8 °C, or (3) dyspnea. Outcomes included in-hospital cardiovascular events, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes for individual outcomes. RESULTS: Among 1645 adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 18 with type 1 diabetes were excluded from the analysis. Of 1627 adults, 634 (39%) had known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and among 993 patients with no diabetes, 107 (10.8%) patients were identified with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia. Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia had increased odds of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular events (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80), intensive care unit admissions (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.34), and mortality (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.07) compared to patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes. CONCLUSION: Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia have increased risk of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular complications and overall poor clinical outcomes compared with patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes.